This is a photo of an eight-vat cylinder machine wet end. The felt travels overhead to the felt cleaner (whipper) and then to the press section.   

This is an early fourdrinier wet end. It probably dates about the 1920 to 1940 era. The belt arrangement is an edge dam or deckle.

This is another early fourdrinier viewed from the wet end looking to the dry end. No information available about this machine.

This is a photo of an early roll out fourdrinier. This type fourdrinier is supported on roll out rails. The fourdrinier is rolled into the aisle to string the wire. Fourdriniers of this type are still in use today.

This photo shows an early press section. The rod extending down from the right of the top roll bearing housing is the weight and lever loading system. The item to the left of the top roll that looks like a cylinder is a broke conveyor that carries the broke to the front side of the press.

This press section looks like it might belong to the cylinder machine in the first photo above. There are six primary presses and a single main press.

This is a two high dryer section. The dryers do not have a felt and probably are driven by open gears. Because of the size of the dryer framework it can be assumed this was a low speed machine. It probably was making pulp at less than 100 FPM.  

This looks like a break between two dryer sections although it could be the last dryer section before a calender stack.

This photo shows a four high-stacked dryer section. Again, it is a paper machine that does not use a felt. Machines of this vintage did not have dryer hoods and at the speeds required for the time, used open gears.

This photo shows an "A" frame calender commonly called a closed stack. The stack has 10 rolls, The roll above the king roll and the top roll appear to be a larger diameter than the intermediate rolls. An Aldrich follows the calender.

The Aldrich reel: Invented by Alonzo Aldrich, a former partner in the Beloit Iron Works many years back. This reel had 6 spindles. The sheet reels up from the paper machine on one spindle while being winding off to the cutter or winder from another spindle. The carriage rotates to position the spool for reeling or unwinding.  

This is a three drum upright reel. The spool called a "mandrel" is a large diameter (about 36"), made from narrow wooden slats built up on a shaft with end and intermediate support rings. This reel was probably on pulp. The sheet reels up on one mandrel and winds off to a cutter from one of the other mandrels. Many of these early machines did not use a winder.

This is an interesting winder. Instead of a rider roll, starting nip on the core shaft is from arms with rollers on the outer ends, spaced across the width of the winder. A long lever on the front and backside engages the nip arms.

This is another early winder with out a rider roll. Starting nip is by a solid, heavy core shaft. This winder has a primary slitter station in the normal position ahead of the winder drums. A second slitter station, score type, is mounted from a crossbeam. The crossbeam travels vertically in the core shaft ways. The score slitters press directly against the cores to slit small diameter counter rolls.

This type winder was built in the late 1940 and early 1950 era. It was typically a shaft type winder with manual tension and manual rider roll control. This was when a winder operated in the 1500 to 3000 FPM speed range, (457-914 MPM).

This is a shaft type winder with a "slat log" shaft puller and roll stripper system.  Beloit Iron Works built many variations of this type winder in the 1940 to 1960 era. 

This is a typical Beloit Iron Works winder that used a core shaft. This one probably dates somewhere in the late 1940 to early 1950 era. This is a view looking towards the shaft handling.

Water-cooled drum brake: This type brake was in common use on a winder of this era. The winder usually had manual tension control. Swing roll tension sensing was just becoming popular.  

Slat conveyor shaft puller system: The slat conveyor pulled the rolls away from the large core shaft anchor in the foreground, stripping the rolls from the winder shaft. The hooks catch the winder shaft and transfer it to storage pockets at the front of the winder.

Storage pockets: This is the core shaft storage and dressing area. The hook shaped bar in the foreground behind the drum bearing housing is a shaft lift that loads the dressed shaft into the winder.

Tending side of winder: The control panel was relatively simple and in most cases located right up to the winder frame. The operator has his right foot on a pedal that releases the latch to raise and lower the core shaft by turning the hand wheel. The round crossbeam directly over the bench board is the top slitter support beam. The vertical handle at the front end of the slitter support beam is used to disengage the intermediate slitters.

Nothing is known for sure about this shop photo. It has been reported to be an early BIW shop, which might be supported, by the pile of gears in the lower left of the photo. Then again, it could be a mill maintenance shop or other manufacturing shop. The shop machines are belt driven from an overhead line shaft.